Characterization of a conjugated polysuccinimide-carboplatin compound

Carboplatin, an advanced anticancer drug with excellent efficacy against ovarian cancer, was developed to alleviate the side effects that often occur with cisplatin and other platinum-based compounds. Our study reports the in vitro characteristics, viability, and activity of cells expressing the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene after carboplatin was conjugated with polysuccinimide (PSI) and administered in combination with other widely used anticancer drugs. PSI, which has promising properties as a drug delivery material, could provide a platform for prolonging carboplatin release, regulating its dosage, and improving its side effects. The iNOS gene has been shown to play an important role in both cancer cell survival and inhibition. Herein, we synthesized a PSI-carboplatin conjugate to create a modified anticancer agent and confirmed its successful conjugation. To ensure its solubility in water, we further modified the structure of the PSI-carboplatin conjugate with 2-aminoethanol groups. To validate its biological characteristics, the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 and normal ovarian Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with the PSI-carboplatin conjugate alone and in combination with paclitaxel and topotecan, both of which are used in conventional chemotherapy. Notably, PSI-carboplatin conjugation can be used to predict changes in the genes involved in cancer growth and inhibition. In conclusion, combination treatment with the newly synthesized polymer-carboplatin conjugate and paclitaxel displayed anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cells but was not toxic to normal ovarian cancer cells, resulting in the development of an effective candidate anticancer drug without severe side effects.

The Effect of ER:YAG Laser & ER,CR:YSGG Laser on the Tissue of the Inflammation-Induced Mouse

EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA ON THE FORMATION OF OSTEOCLAST

The analysis of synovial fluid by proteomics from TMD

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) can induce severe pain but, its pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed proteomes of human synovial fluid in the superior joint space in the patients with TMD, which is obtained during the treatment arthrocentesis. We've got this result that one of the spots was consistently down-regulated in synovial fluid of patients with TMD from analysis of protein pattern. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 33 kDa. Synoviolin was identified in our proteomics analysis of LC/MS/MS. This protein was recently reported as one of the proteins that might affect rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synoviolin that might be associated with RA was detected in synovial fluid of patients with TMD. We can conclude that synoviolin might be involved not only in the pathogenesis of RA but also in TMD. In result, synoviolin might be involved in the pathogenesis of TMD and can be candidates as new therapeutic targets of TMD or early detection biomarkers.

The analysis of synovial fluid by proteomics from TMD

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) can induce severe pain but, its pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed proteomes of human synovial fluid in the superior joint space in the patients with TMD, which is obtained during the treatment arthrocentesis. We've got this result that one of the spots was consistently down-regulated in synovial fluid of patients with TMD from analysis of protein pattern. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 33 kDa. Synoviolin was identified in our proteomics analysis of LC/MS/MS. This protein was recently reported as one of the proteins that might affect rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synoviolin that might be associated with RA was detected in synovial fluid of patients with TMD. We can conclude that synoviolin might be involved not only in the pathogenesis of RA but also in TMD. In result, synoviolin might be involved in the pathogenesis of TMD and can be candidates as new therapeutic targets of TMD or early detection biomarkers.

Case reports: treatment of oral soft tissue lesions and wounds with high functional tooth paste made from nanoemulsion gel

It is a gel type high functional toothpaste containing vitamin C, E, propolis extract and the rest of herb with a nanoemulsion state. Vitamin C, E is known as the material with an eminent anti-oxidation effect. Propolis is known as the material with an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect. We have been succeeding in making nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis through the high pressure homogenizer using stable oil and lecithin and the gel type high functional tooth paste were made from nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis. We observed the process of wound protecting effect and cure effect for a wound of soft tissue, gingival tissue and mucous membrane showing ulcer and inflammation in oral cavity after applying a gel type high functional toothpaste to patient. As a result, the wound were healed very fast and any side effects were not shown. We confirmed that a gel type high functional toothpaste with nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis extract has good effect not only for wound healing but also for treatment of ulcer-like lesion in oral cavity. So we report our cases with review of literatures.

Effects of various NSAIDs on prostaglandin synthesis and cellular configuration of human periodontal ligament cells

The present study was designed to evaluate effects of the commonly used NSAIDs(acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen) on human periodontal ligament cells. Human periodontal ligament cells were grown from a cell line provided by Kyungpook National University. Effects of NSAIDs on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells were assessed using MTT assays. And then PGE2 concentrations were determined by ELISA and the changes of cellular configuration were found by electron micrograph. The results were as follows; 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that the commonly used NSAIDs(acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen) had not significant cytotoxic effect on human periodontal ligament cells. 2. NSAIDs inhibited the PGE2 synthesis of human periodontal ligament cells compared with the control group. These inhibitory effects had no significant differences with NSAID type and concentration. 3. Electron micrographs of human periodontal ligament cells treated with NSAIDs showed more narrow and irregular shape.

The study on the effect of nanoemulsion for the prevention and treatment of gingival inflammation

We have found out the relationship of nanoemulsion containing nano vitamin C, E and propolis and gingival disease. We've confirmed effect of nanoemulsion through the experiment of in vivo and in vitro. We tested cell viability of gingival fibroblast cells by MTT assay and mRNA appearance of interleukin-1 beta, using mouse that was guided inflammation. Anti-microbacterial activity for Antibacterial effect's experiment was carried out by using S.aureus and E.coli. In addition, inflammation tissue has been observed with scanning electrical microscopy. In this study, expression of interleukin-1 beta was decreased after adding nanoemulsion containing nanovitamin C, E and propolis. We've also obtained good results from the test of Antibacterial effect against S.aureus and E.coli. Also, swelling of inflammation tissues observed by scanning electrical microscopy has gone down. In conclusion, we have gained confidence that nanoemulsion containing nano vitamin C, E and propolis has very high Antibacterial effect against bacteria in oral. And it made us guess that inflammation of gingival reduces after decreasing interleukin-1 beta. Thus, we expect that nanoemulsion containing nano vitamin C, E and propolis gives good effects to patient having gingival disease.

Preliminary study on the effect of inflamed TMJ synovial fluid on the intracellular calcium concentration and differential expression of iNOS and COX-2 in human immortalized chondrocyte C28/I2

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that inflammatory synovial fluid from TMJ internal derangement initiates a transient increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in chondrocytes and the induced Ca2+ signaling affects iNOS/COX-2 gene expression patterns following exposure to inflamed synovial fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two female adult patients with symptoms of TMD who agreed to participate in the study were selected for this study. Immortalized human juvenile costal chondrocyte C-28/I2 was grown to 80% confluency and synovial fluids from two patients were added respectively to culture media for 24 hours at the concentration of 100ng/10ml. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to examine changes of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). RT-PCR was performed to identify the expression profile of IL-1alpha, iNOS, COX-2. RESULTS: Increased [Ca2+]i was observed in chondrocytes subjected to inflamed synovial fluid compared to control cultures and in respective cultures exposed to inflamed synovial fluids from each patient, IL-1beta, COX-2 mRNA were detected. However, in neither case iNOS mRNA was expressed. IL-1alpha, COX-2, and iNOS mRNA were expressed in control culture. CONCLUSION: Our results show that immortalized chondrocytes cultured with inflamed synovial fluids from patients diagnosed as disc displacement without reduction and limitation in mouth opening showed increased calcium concentration and expression of COX-2 while inhibiting the production of iNOS, which in turn could adversely affect the chondrocytes in at least short term by hindering physiologic role of NO against inflammatory cascades. These findings suggest that inflamed synovial fluid may differentially regulate the transcriptomes of relevant inflammatory mediators, especially iNOS/COX-2 axis in chondrocytes through adjusting calcium transients.

The therapeutic effect of silver nanocrystalline ointment on TMJ capsulitis

The silver nanocrystalline is widely used for biological field because of its biocompatibility and anti-microbial effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the silver nanocrystalline ointment on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsulitis. Total 39 patients were included in this study and all patients were received single topical application of the silver nanocrystalline ointment (group A, n=30) or placebo ointment (group B, n=19). Measured variables were maximum mouth opening (MMO), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and VAS for function. In results, we could not assess any therapeutic efficacy of single application in the chronic TMJ capsulitis (p>0.05). However, the single application of silver nanocrystalline ointment showed significant improvement in MMO and VAS for pain compared to placebo effect in the acute TMJ capsulitis (p<0.05). We could not find any complications related to ointment application in both groups. In conclusion, the single application of silver nanocrystalline ointment was effective in improving patient's symptom in acute TMJ capsulitis without any noticing complications.

Gene expression after the application of the fluid-induced shear stress on the gingival fibroblast

0.7). The "RUNX-1" was increased its expression in 2 hours group and "RUN and SH3 domain containing 1" was increased its expression in 4 hours group. The "CC020415", "cyclin L1", "interferon regulatory factor1", "early growth response 1", "immediate early response 2", and "immediate early response 3" genes were increased their expression in 2 and 4 hours after FISS application. In conclusion, we could find many genes that were probably related to the FISS application. Interestingly, most of them were placed in similar molecular pathways and these findings improve the reliability of chip data and usefulness in overall screening. From this experiment, we could find many items for further study and it will make improvement in the understanding of intracellular events in response to FISS.

The ethnic difference of the prevalence of SfaN polymorphism in the nonsyndromic cleft palate / 대한치과교정학회지

Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) is one of the most common congenital deformities and its prevalence in Far East Asia, such as within Korean and Japanese populations, is relatively high. However, in the eastern part of Europe, clefts are relatively rare situations. These ethnic differences infer a genetic background of the disease. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TGF-beta3 between Korean and Romanian cleft families. Korean cleft families samples were collected from twenty-six families (n=78) and Romanian cleft families samples were collected from eighteen families (n=41). For sequencing, the blood or saliva of the subjects was sampled. A single nucleotide plolymorphism was observed in the intron 5 of TGF-beta3 (A18141G). The frequency of each allele was significantly different between the Korean and Romanian samples. The AA allele was present in 18 out of 78 Korean samples (23.1%) and in 27 out of 41 Romanian samples (65.9%). The AG was present in 27 (34.6%) out of 78 Koreans and in 13 (31.7%) out of 41 Romanians. The GG was found in 33 (42.3%) Koreans and in 1 (2.4%) Romanian. The difference between the groups was significant (p<0.001). In conclusion, the frequency of observed SNP was significantly different between the two countries. SNP in TGF-beta3 in the Korean population seemed to have a higher possibility of occurrence for nonsyndromic cleft palate than the Romanian population